These are difficult times for merchant shipping, and therefore for shipbuilding. The global shipping industry is in a depressed state. The excess deadweight of the global fleet exceeds 100 million tons, and the trends of the freight market do not give hope for a significant improvement in the situation. Maritime cargo transportation seems to have reached an upper limit. The total tonnage of the global fleet is not growing either.
For ship-owning companies, the current situation in international shipping has been a test of strength and skill. Their eyes turned to finding ways to drastically reduce operating costs, primarily for fuel (which reached 50% for some types of vessels) and the maintenance of the crew, which will probably remain crucial in the future.
Fleet rationalization programs are being developed in developed shipping and shipbuilding countries. Their essence is the same — to increase the profitability and competitiveness of ships, to find the main strategic directions in shipping and shipbuilding. For example, the West German and Japanese fleet cost reduction programs focus on technical aspects, while the Norwegian and Dutch ones focus on social aspects.
The basic concept. Formally, the idea of ships of the future is quite clear and simple: using scientific and technical achievements, primarily in computer science and computer technology, to automate ship production and technical processes as much as possible.
However, building optimal human—machine interaction systems does not only rely on automation. The main problem is structural reliability and safety. Equally important are the transport technology, energy intensity and environmental safety of ships. The ships of the future are qualitatively new equipment and an operational system with a redistribution of functions between ship crews and shipowner services.
Inevitably, there will be changes in the social sphere. The composition and staff of the ship's crews, their qualifications, the working and rest regime of the ship's personnel and the training programs for ship's specialists will change significantly. Labor laws will need to be changed.
Roller coaster, ferry... and a station wagon. The operational and economic basis of the vessels of the future is transport adaptability. An insufficiently meaningful, and even more so an incorrect orientation of the transport technology of ships will negate the effectiveness of any fleet development program.
The transport and technological revolution carried out in the 70s in the global shipping industry radically changed the material and technical base of the fleet. The rapidly increasing container traffic has become a determining factor. For 1981-1987 . they increased by 7-8% annually. Such growth rates of container traffic are expected to continue. The size and carrying capacity of the containers (their fleet is approaching 3 million units) turned out to be extremely successful both in terms of dimensions and in terms of the size of the cargo (over 30 tons), corresponding to the capabilities of railways and highways. Such shipments are easier to implement, store, and transport. Apparently, the consolidation of single cargo spaces is hardly advisable.
Along with container transportation, block-packet, rolling, lighter and ferry transportation are developing and will continue to develop. We cannot expect any fundamentally different technologies for the transportation of general cargo.
Vessels of high transport technology are not necessarily container ships, roller coasters or ferries. They can also be station wagons. It all depends on the cargo situation. Therefore, ensuring high transport adaptability of ships, even with established transportation technologies, has been and will continue to be a problem with multiple solutions. This is its peculiarity and complexity.
The main conditions for solving this problem are cargo flows, their structure, volumes and transportation technologies, for which vessels should be created. This is where the development of future ship designs should begin. They should answer the main strategic question — what will be the structure and composition of the fleet in terms of transport technology in the foreseeable and long term. Avec le
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